The Moors Civilized Medieval Europe

The Moors, Black African Muslims from North and West Africa, ruled the Iberian Peninsula for nearly 800 years, bringing advanced mathematics, astronomy, medicine, architecture, and philosophy to medieval Europe. While Europe was in the 'Dark Ages,' Moorish Spain (Al-Andalus) had universities, libraries with hundreds of thousands of books, paved and lit streets, running water, and advanced medical facilities. The Moors introduced Arabic numerals, algebra, and the concept of zero to Europe. Their contributions laid the groundwork for the European Renaissance.